What is EICR Testing

Electricity is one of the most essential utilities in every home, yet it is also one of the most dangerous when installations are left unchecked. Over time, wiring deteriorates, connections loosen, and circuit protection devices age. These changes may not be visible, but they can create serious risks of electrical fires or shocks. EICR testing, short for Electrical Installation Condition Report testing, is designed to detect these problems before they cause harm. It is one of the most important safety checks that any property can undergo.

EICR testing involves a detailed inspection and electrical assessment of a property’s fixed wiring and associated components. It examines the overall condition of the installation and identifies any faults, damage, or deterioration that could compromise safety. The test results are compiled into an official EICR document, confirming whether the system is safe to use and whether it complies with current wiring regulations.

In the UK, EICR testing has become a legal requirement for landlords, but it is also an essential practice for homeowners, business owners, and anyone responsible for the maintenance of a building. This article explores in depth what EICR testing is, how it works, why it matters, and what to expect during the process.

Understanding EICR Testing

EICR testing is a structured inspection and testing process carried out by a qualified and competent electrician. The aim is to assess the safety, performance, and compliance of a property’s electrical system according to the latest edition of the IET Wiring Regulations, known as BS 7671.

Unlike a quick visual check, EICR testing is comprehensive. It involves disconnecting circuits, performing insulation and continuity tests, checking earthing and bonding arrangements, and confirming that protective devices such as circuit breakers and residual current devices are working correctly. The electrician records all results and observations in a detailed report, highlighting any deficiencies that must be corrected.

The final document, known as the Electrical Installation Condition Report, serves as an official record of the system’s condition at the time of testing. It classifies the installation as satisfactory if it meets safety standards, or unsatisfactory if faults are identified that pose a risk.

The Purpose of EICR Testing

The main purpose of EICR testing is to ensure that an electrical installation is safe for continued use. It identifies hidden faults that could cause electric shocks, overheating, or fires. It also helps property owners comply with UK electrical safety regulations and insurance requirements.

For landlords, EICR testing is mandatory under the Electrical Safety Standards in the Private Rented Sector Regulations 2020. These laws require all rented homes to undergo inspection and testing at least every five years, with a valid EICR provided to tenants before they move in. For homeowners, while not a legal requirement, it is strongly recommended as part of responsible property maintenance.

Beyond safety, EICR testing can also improve efficiency. It highlights outdated systems or components that waste energy, helping owners plan upgrades to modern, more sustainable electrical solutions.

Legal Requirements for Landlords

Landlords are legally required to have EICR testing carried out by a qualified electrician at least every five years. The purpose of the regulation is to ensure that all rental properties meet the national standard for electrical safety and remain safe throughout the tenancy.

A copy of the report must be provided to new tenants before they move in, to existing tenants within 28 days of the inspection, and to the local authority if requested. If faults are identified, the landlord must arrange for remedial work to be completed within 28 days, or sooner if the electrician specifies a shorter period. Once repairs are complete, written confirmation must be supplied to both the tenant and the local council.

Failure to comply can result in serious consequences, including fines of up to £30,000 per property and enforcement action by your local Council. In cases of negligence, landlords may also face legal liability if electrical faults cause injury or damage.

How EICR Testing Is Carried Out

EICR testing is a methodical and detailed process. The electrician begins by visually inspecting the installation to look for signs of damage, wear, overheating, or outdated components. This includes examining sockets, switches, light fittings, and the consumer unit.

After the visual check, the electrician performs a series of electrical tests. These may include continuity testing to ensure that conductors are properly connected, insulation resistance testing to verify that cables are not deteriorating, and polarity checks to confirm that connections are correctly wired.

Earthing and bonding arrangements are also tested to ensure that the system can safely discharge fault currents and prevent electric shock. Residual current devices, or RCDs, are tested to confirm that they trip correctly within the required time frame, providing protection against electrocution.

Throughout the process, the electrician disconnects power to individual circuits for safety while testing. Once testing is complete, they restore power and compile all findings into the final EICR report.

What the EICR Report Contains

The EICR report records the results of all tests and inspections carried out during the process. It includes details of the installation, test data for each circuit, and any observations of defects or deviations from current standards. Each observation is given a classification code indicating its severity and urgency.

Code 1 means danger is present and immediate action is required. Examples include exposed live conductors or severe damage to wiring.

Code 2 means potential danger exists and remedial work should be carried out urgently, such as loose connections or incorrect protective devices.

Code 3 means improvement is recommended but not mandatory, often relating to outdated systems or minor non-compliances.

FI means further investigation is needed, used when an electrician cannot confirm safety without additional testing.

If any Code 1 or Code 2 issues are identified, the overall outcome of the report will be unsatisfactory. Once these faults are corrected, a new report or written confirmation is issued confirming compliance.

How Long EICR Testing Takes

The duration of an EICR test depends on the size and complexity of the property. A small one-bedroom flat may take around two hours, while a large family home could take half a day or more. Commercial properties with multiple circuits and complex electrical systems can require an entire day of testing.

Electricians typically schedule EICR testing in advance to minimise disruption, and they will always discuss how long the power may be off during testing. In most homes, circuits are disconnected for short periods while tests are carried out, and power is restored immediately afterward.

How Often EICR Testing Should Be Done

For rental properties, the law requires EICR testing every five years, or sooner if the electrician recommends a shorter interval. Some installations, particularly older ones, may deteriorate more quickly and require re-testing every three years.

For homeowners, an EICR is generally recommended every ten years, though more frequent testing is advisable in properties showing signs of electrical wear or those undergoing major renovation. It is also wise to arrange an inspection before buying or selling a property to ensure that the wiring is safe and compliant.

Commercial and industrial premises have separate inspection intervals depending on usage. For example, offices and retail spaces may require EICR testing every five years, while factories or environments with heavy electrical equipment may require testing more frequently.

Why EICR Testing Is Important

EICR testing protects lives, property, and financial investments. Faulty wiring is one of the leading causes of house fires in the UK, and many of these incidents are preventable through routine inspection and maintenance.

The test identifies faults that could otherwise go unnoticed, such as insulation breakdown, poor earthing, or incorrect wiring. Detecting these issues early allows for timely repairs, preventing potentially catastrophic outcomes.

For landlords, EICR testing also provides legal protection. By maintaining current reports and proof of remedial work, they demonstrate compliance with safety laws and fulfil their duty of care to tenants. For homeowners, it offers peace of mind that their property is safe for family members and visitors.

EICR Testing and Property Value

Electrical safety has become an important factor in property value. A home with a recent, satisfactory EICR is more attractive to buyers and tenants, as it proves that the electrical system is modern, efficient, and compliant. Conversely, a property with an outdated or missing report may raise concerns during surveys, leading to lower offers or requests for additional inspections.

For landlords, providing a valid EICR can also help attract long-term tenants. Many renters now ask about energy efficiency and safety certifications before committing to a tenancy. A well-maintained electrical system not only meets these expectations but also reduces maintenance costs in the long run.

The Cost of EICR Testing

The cost of EICR testing varies based on property size, number of circuits, and system complexity. On average, prices range from £120 for a small flat to around £250 for a medium-sized home. Larger or more complex properties may cost upwards of £300.

While prices can vary between electricians, choosing a qualified and registered professional is essential. The small difference in cost between providers is far outweighed by the value of accurate testing and peace of mind. Cheaper inspections carried out by unregistered electricians may result in incomplete testing and invalid documentation.

Preparing for EICR Testing

Before the electrician arrives, property owners can take a few simple steps to prepare. Ensure that all rooms are accessible, that furniture or appliances are moved away from sockets and switches where possible, and that the consumer unit is easy to reach.

If tenants occupy the property, they should be informed in advance about the inspection and the temporary power interruptions it may cause. Clear communication helps avoid inconvenience and ensures that testing runs smoothly.

Property owners should also provide information about any recent electrical work, as this helps the electrician understand the system’s history and identify any areas needing closer attention.

After EICR Testing

Once testing is complete, the electrician issues the official EICR report. If it is satisfactory, no further action is required until the next scheduled inspection. If it is unsatisfactory, the electrician will list the issues found along with recommendations for remedial work.

For landlords, repairs must be carried out within 28 days or sooner if specified. Written confirmation must then be provided to both the tenant and the local authority. Homeowners are not legally bound to the same timeframe but should still address faults as quickly as possible to ensure safety.

EICR Testing and Insurance

Many insurers now require evidence of regular EICR testing as part of their policy terms. This is particularly common for rental properties and commercial buildings. Failing to maintain up-to-date testing can result in claims being denied if an electrical fault leads to damage.

Providing proof of satisfactory EICR testing helps protect property owners against financial losses and demonstrates a proactive approach to risk management.

Conclusion

EICR testing is a crucial process that ensures electrical installations  in homes and buildings are safe, efficient, and compliant with UK regulations. It involves a thorough inspection and testing of circuits, wiring, and protective devices, resulting in a detailed report that highlights any issues requiring attention.

For landlords, it is a legal obligation under national safety regulations. For homeowners and business owners, it is an essential step in protecting people and property from electrical hazards. While the process may seem technical, its benefits are clear: peace of mind, legal compliance, reduced maintenance costs, and a safer living or working environment.

By understanding what EICR testing involves and arranging regular inspections, property owners can ensure their electrical systems remain in top condition for years to come. It is a small investment that delivers lasting protection and reassurance for everyone who lives or works under that roof.