Consumer Unit Guide | Homeowner Resource | C-Lec Electrical
Consumer Unit Knowledge Base • 25 Guides

Your Complete Guide
to Consumer Units

Plain English homeowner reference covering everything from board basics through to BS 7671 wiring regulations. RCDs, RCBOs, AFDDs, costs, landlord rules and when to upgrade. Written for homeowners across Milton Keynes.

Authored by: NAPIT Approved Engineers
Reviewed: April 2026
Coverage: Milton Keynes
At a glance

This guide covers everything UK homeowners need to know about consumer units. From the basics of what sits inside the metal box on your wall through to the regulation that mandates metal enclosures, the difference between RCDs and RCBOs and AFDDs, what a landlord legally needs and when an upgrade is actually necessary. Twenty five plain English guides organised into six topic clusters. Use the navigation below to jump to what you need.

Why this guide exists

The numbers behind
every UK consumer unit

These figures shape every decision homeowners make about their consumer unit. Each is grounded in BS 7671 and Part P of the Building Regulations.

25guides

In This Knowledge Base

Twenty five homeowner explainers covering basics, protection devices, regulations, costs and landlord rules. Updated against the latest BS 7671 amendments.

2016

Metal Enclosure Rule

Since the third amendment to BS 7671, all new domestic consumer units must have a non-combustible metal enclosure. Plastic boards no longer comply on new installs.

5yrs

Landlord EICR Cycle

Since June 2020, every English rental property must hold a satisfactory EICR renewed every five years. The consumer unit is the most common failure point.

25-30yrs

Typical Lifespan

A modern metal RCBO board fitted to BS 7671 typically serves a property reliably for 25 to 30 years before regulation-driven replacement is sensible.

01
Start here

Consumer Unit Basics

Five plain English explainers covering what a consumer unit is, the components inside it and how each part contributes to keeping your home safe.

Definition

What a consumer unit actually is

A complete homeowner explainer on what is a consumer unit covering the metal box that controls every circuit in your home, what sits inside it and how it differs from older fuse boxes and distribution boards.

Read guide
Main Switch

The main switch explained

Your guide to what is a main switch in a consumer unit covering the double-pole isolator at one end of the board, what it does, when to use it and why it is the first thing to reach for in an emergency.

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Earthing

Main earthing terminal

Read our explainer on what is a main earthing terminal to understand the single point where your supply earth lands, why it matters and how every protective conductor in your home traces back to it.

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Bonding

Bonding in electrical systems

Our guide to what is bonding in electrical systems covers main protective bonding to gas and water, supplementary bonding and why these connections are critical for shock protection.

Read guide
Old vs New

Fuse vs circuit breaker

Read about what is a fuse vs circuit breaker to understand the move from rewireable fuse wire to modern miniature circuit breakers and why the change happened.

Read guide
Need a board fitted?

Consumer Unit Upgrades
in Milton Keynes

C-Lec Electrical fits NAPIT certified consumer units across Milton Keynes. 18th Edition metal boards, surge protection and full Building Control notification handled in one day. Fixed pricing from £650 ex VAT.

Free quote • NAPIT certified • EIC included
02
Protection inside the box

Protection Devices Explained

Eight guides covering the protective devices inside your consumer unit. RCDs, RCBOs, AFDDs and surge protection, with how the different board configurations stack up.

Board Type

Dual RCD boards

Read our guide on What is a Dual RCD Board to understand the split-load design with two main RCDs covering banks of circuits, what it protects against and its main weakness.

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Board Type

RCBO boards

Our explainer on What is an RCBO Board covers the modern recommended standard where every circuit gets its own combined RCD and MCB protection in a single device.

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Board Type

AFDD boards

Read our guide on What is an AFDD Board to understand arc fault detection devices, what they protect against and when BS 7671 recommends them.

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Surge Protection

Surge protection devices

Our explainer on what is surge protection (SPD) covers transient overvoltage protection, why every modern board should have one and what it shields against.

Read guide
Comparison

RCBO vs dual RCD board

Read our comparison on RCBO vs dual RCD board to see exactly how each design handles a fault and why most new installs now use full RCBO protection.

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Comparison

AFDD vs RCD

Our comparison on AFDD vs RCD covers what each device detects, where they overlap and where AFDDs catch faults that traditional RCDs cannot.

Read guide
Legal

Are RCDs legally required?

Our guide on are RCDs legally required in UK homes covers the BS 7671 requirements, when an RCD becomes mandatory and what an EICR will flag if missing.

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If you have already worked out that your existing board needs replacing, you can skip the research and get straight to a quote. Our consumer unit upgrades Milton Keynes service handles every install end to end. Free site visit, NAPIT certified install, EIC and Building Control notification on completion.

03
The 2016 rule

Plastic vs Metal Boards

Three guides covering the metal enclosure requirement that came in with the third amendment to BS 7671. What it means for new installs and existing plastic boards.

Comparison

Plastic vs metal consumer units

Read our breakdown on plastic vs metal consumer units covering the safety differences, the regulation change and what it means for your existing plastic board.

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Regulation

Is metal required by law?

Our guide on is a metal consumer unit required by law covers exactly what BS 7671 requires, when the rule applies and when an existing plastic board can stay.

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04
Decision support

When to Upgrade

Three guides covering the most common questions homeowners ask before booking an upgrade. Whether yours actually needs replacing, the impact on a property sale and a full pre-install checklist.

Self-Assessment

Do I need to upgrade?

Read our self-assessment guide on do I need to upgrade my consumer unit covering the warning signs, the regulation triggers and when an upgrade is genuinely necessary versus optional.

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Property Sale

Selling with an old board

Our guide on can I sell my house with an old consumer unit covers what surveyors flag, mortgage implications and whether to upgrade before listing or negotiate the cost in.

Read guide
05
The practical side

Costs & Installation

Four guides covering the cost ranges, the install process from quote to certificate, garage applications and the most common install mistakes to watch for.

Cost

How much to change a board

Our pricing guide on how much to change a consumer unit covers typical UK cost bands, what affects the price and what should always be included in a quote.

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Process

How to wire a consumer unit

Read our walkthrough on how to wire a consumer unit covering the four stages a registered electrician follows on the day. Note this is for understanding only, not a DIY guide.

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Outbuilding

Wiring a garage board

Our guide on how to wire a consumer unit in a garage covers the additional considerations for outbuildings, sub-board configurations and the cabling requirements.

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Mistakes

Common install mistakes

Read our list of common consumer unit installation mistakes covering the issues we see when remediating other engineers' work and how to spot them on your own board.

Read guide
06
The legal framework

Regulations & Compliance

Two regulation-focused guides covering the BS 7671 wiring regulations and the specific landlord rules for rental properties under the 2020 Electrical Safety Standards.

Frequently asked

Common questions answered fast

What is the difference between a fuse box and a consumer unit?
In everyday speech they mean the same thing. Older homes had rewireable fuse boxes, then MCB boards replaced them, then RCDs were added, then RCBOs. The metal box has done the same job throughout: switch, protect and distribute power. Modern UK installers use the term consumer unit because actual rewireable fuses have not been used inside one for decades.
How long does a consumer unit last?
A modern metal board fitted to BS 7671 typically serves a property reliably for 25 to 30 years before replacement is genuinely necessary. Older plastic boards from the 1990s and 2000s are now well past that mark and many are reaching natural end of life. Replacement is usually triggered by an EICR finding, a property sale, a kitchen remodel or the addition of an EV charger or solar.
Is my plastic consumer unit illegal?
Not automatically. An existing plastic consumer unit is not illegal just because it is plastic. It only fails an EICR if there is a separate safety issue such as no RCD protection, scorched terminations or missing bonding. However any new install or full replacement must use a non-combustible metal enclosure under BS 7671. Many homeowners choose to upgrade plastic boards proactively before a property sale or new tenancy.
Can I install a consumer unit myself?
No. Replacing or installing a consumer unit is notifiable work under Part P of the Building Regulations in England and Wales. It must be carried out by a registered electrician then certified with an Electrical Installation Certificate and a Building Control notice. Doing it yourself invalidates home insurance and will fail any future EICR or property sale check.
What is the difference between an RCD and an RCBO?
An RCD (Residual Current Device) trips on earth fault, providing 30mA shock protection across a bank of circuits. An RCBO is a combined RCD and MCB on a single circuit. With RCBOs, each circuit has its own dedicated protection so a fault only knocks out one circuit not half the house. Full RCBO boards are now the modern standard on new installs.
Do I need an AFDD board?
AFDDs (Arc Fault Detection Devices) are now a BS 7671 recommendation rather than a hard requirement on most domestic installs. They are particularly recommended for HMOs, properties with vulnerable occupants, sleeping accommodation and high-risk environments. They detect arcing faults that traditional MCBs and RCDs cannot, giving the highest level of fire prevention currently available.
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